Volcanic activity worldwide 4 Dec 2025: Santiaguito volcano, Fuego, Popocatépetl, Barren Island, So…

Kusatsu-Shirane (Honshu): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that unrest continued at Kusatsu-Shiranesan between 1 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Restriction on proximity to the crater“ (on a 5-level scale).
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Restriction on proximity to the crater“ (on a 5-level scale)

Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: VA IS NOT IDENTIFIABLE IN SATELLITE IMAGERY.
…4 Dec:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the eruption continued at Aira on 3 December 2025 (local). Ash plume(s) rose to a maximum of 1,100 m (3,609 ft) above the vent. The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale).
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale)

Canlaon (Central Philippines): The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that the eruption continued at Kanlaon on 3 December 2025 (local). Plume(s) rose to a maximum of 75 m (246 ft) above the vent. The alert level remained at „2 – Moderate Level of Volcanic Unrest“ (level 2 on a 0–5 level scale).
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „2 – Moderate Level of Volcanic Unrest“ (level 2 on a 0–5 level scale)

Taal (Luzon, Philippines): The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that the eruption continued at Taal on 3 December 2025 (local). Plume(s) rose to a maximum of 600 m (1,969 ft) above the vent. The alert level remained at „1 – Low-Level Unrest“ (on a 0–5 level scale).
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „1 – Low-Level Unrest“ (on a 0–5 level scale)

Manam (Papua New Guinea): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 05 kts in SW direction.
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 REPORTED AT 04/1940Z EST VA DTG:04/2020Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)

Karangetang (Siau Island, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Karangetang on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Raung (East Java): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Raung on 3 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 200 m (656 ft) above the vent. The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Ibu on 3 December 2025 (local). Ash plume(s) rose to a maximum of 400 m (1,312 ft) above the vent. There were 106 seismically detected explosions reported. The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Sangeang Api (Flores Sea, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Sangeang Api on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Lewotobi (Flores): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotobi (Laki-Laki) on 3 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 200 m (656 ft) above the vent. The alert level remained at „Level 4 – Caution“ (on a 4-level scale). Activity also included: lahar(s), property damage, road closure(s).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 4 – Caution“ (on a 4-level scale)

Soputan (North Sulawesi, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Soputan on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotolok on 3 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 100 m (328 ft) above the vent. There was 1 seismically detected explosion reported. The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Merapi on 3 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 150 m (492 ft) above the vent. There were 4 hot rockfalls, traveling up to 2,000 m. The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)

Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Semeru on 3 December 2025 (local). Ash and gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 1,100 m (3,609 ft) above the vent. There were 132 seismically detected explosions reported. There were 42 seismically detected rockfalls. The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Activity also included: seismically detected flowage event(s).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VEN STATES ERUPTION TO UNKNOWN HEIGHT AT 04/0916Z
…4 Dec:
The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Marapi on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Dukono (Halmahera): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Dukono on 3 December 2025 (local). There were 2 seismically detected explosions reported. The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Kerinci (Sumatra): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Kerinci on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Iliwerung (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Iliwerung on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Lokon-Empung (North Sulawesi, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Lokon-Empung on 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)

Aoba (Vanuatu): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Wellington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 and is moving at 10 kts in NW direction.
The full report is as follows: ERUPTION AT 20251202/1400Z INTERMITTENT LOW LEVEL ERUPTION to 6000 ft (1800 m)

Kilauea (Hawai’i): The United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO) reported that the eruption continued at Kilauea on 3 December 2025 (local). Overnight, moderate glow was observed from the north vent and the south vent. Flames were observed at both the north and south vents. Webcam images showed occasional minor spattering activity in the north vent during the night. Gas plume(s) were reported. The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale).
Source: United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)

Shishaldin (Aleutian Islands, Alaska): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that unrest continued at Shishaldin between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale).
Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale)

Great Sitkin (United States, Aleutian Islands): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that the eruption continued at Great Sitkin between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). Lava continued to erupt in the summit crater. The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale).
Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)

Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA NOT OBSD
…4 Dec:
The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that the eruption continued at Popocatépetl between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). Ash, gas, and vapor plume(s) were reported. The alert level remained at „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale).
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale)

Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 14000 ft (4300 m) altitude or flight level 140 .
The full report is as follows: FRQ VA EMS to 14000 ft (4300 m)

Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 .
The full report is as follows: VA SEEN IN SAT AND WEBCAM to 16000 ft (4900 m)
…4 Dec:
The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that the eruption continued at Fuego between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). Gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 437 m (1,434 ft) above the vent. There were seismically detected explosions reported, occurring at a rate of up to 10 per hour. Ash and gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 1,037 m (3,402 ft) above the vent. Incandescent material was ejected in pulses above the vent overnight, resulting in the crater area being covered with incandescent rock fragments. There were incandescent rockfalls. Fine ashfall was reported in Yepocapa (9 km W). Activity also included: audible sounds (e.g., booms, rumbling), shockwave.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: unavailable or not collected

Puracé (Colombia): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 17000 ft (5200 m) altitude or flight level 170 .
The full report is as follows: LKLY VA EMS to 17000 ft (5200 m)

Sangay (Ecuador): The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale)

Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: POSS VA EMS
…4 Dec:
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Reventador between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale).
Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale)

Sabancaya (Peru): The Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP) reported that the eruption continued at Sabancaya between 2 December 2025 (local) and 3 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 200 m (656 ft) above the vent. A total of 19 earthquakes related to the movement of magma and gases were recorded. The alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale).
Source: Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP)
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Current Alerts:
Observatory alert level: „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)

Planchón-Peteroa (Central Chile and Argentina): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Buenos Aires (VAAC) issued the following report: WEAK PUFF EMISSION

Barren Island (Indian Ocean): (4 Dec) The effusive eruption at the volcano continues.
Judging from the latest Sentinel-2 satellite image, the lava persists, sustaining its flow and progressing in the formation of the lava delta along the northern coastline.
The active lava flow is currently about 966 meters long.