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Map of today’s active volcanoes

Etna (Sicily, Italy): A phase of intense strombolian activity occurred at the Southeast crater during the past night. Starting from around 10 pm, incandescent ejections were seen at the crater and rapidly increased into near-continuous activity.
The activity lasted for several hours and gradually decreased in the morning and during today. During the peak phase, ash plumes were generated that rose to estimated 1-2 km above the summit area of Etna.
Volcanic tremor had started to increase in the afternoon and formed a peak in the high range, in tandem with the intensity of this activity. The episode was more or less a replica of past week’s activity (on 28 Mar), and resembles the many lava-fountaining episodes (paroxsms) of the SE crater in the past decades, except that it did not reach a proper lava-fountaining stage, but remained as (rapidly) subsequent strombolian explosions.
…3 Apr:
The Sezione di Catania – Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported continuing activity at Etna during 17-23 March. Weather clouds often obscured views of the summit area, though during a few clear periods gas emissions were observed rising from the summit craters and Strombolian activity was observed at SE Crater. Strombolian activity at various vents in SE Crater began around 2225 on 19 March.
Explosions ejected material a few tens of meters above the crater rim with coarse material falling back into the crater. The intensity and frequency of the explosions gradually increased until about 1430 on 20 March and material was ejected onto the flanks of the cone. The activity gradually decreased and by 1745 explosions were no longer visible in webcam images.
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Ash emissions that quickly dispersed near the summit persisted for around another hour. Strombolian activity at SE Crater was visible at 1125 on 24 March when weather conditions allowed for views, though it was not clear enough to determine the intensity and frequency of the explosions. At around 1235 lava overflowed the crater rim and traveled a short distance down the S flank.
Strombolian activity continued until about 2100 on 24 March and around the same time the lava flow appeared to be cooling.

…2 Apr:
The Sezione di Catania – Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported continuing activity at Etna during 17-23 March. Weather clouds often obscured views of the summit area, though during a few clear periods gas emissions were observed rising from the summit craters and Strombolian activity was observed at SE Crater. Strombolian activity at various vents in SE Crater began around 2225 on 19 March.
Explosions ejected material a few tens of meters above the crater rim with coarse material falling back into the crater. The intensity and frequency of the explosions gradually increased until about 1430 on 20 March and material was ejected onto the flanks of the cone. The activity gradually decreased and by 1745 explosions were no longer visible in webcam images.
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Ash emissions that quickly dispersed near the summit persisted for around another hour. Strombolian activity at SE Crater was visible at 1125 on 24 March when weather conditions allowed for views, though it was not clear enough to determine the intensity and frequency of the explosions. At around 1235 lava overflowed the crater rim and traveled a short distance down the S flank.
Strombolian activity continued until about 2100 on 24 March and around the same time the lava flow appeared to be cooling.

Svartsengi (Reykjanes peninsula, SW Iceland): The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that an earthquake swarm at the Sundhnúkur crater row began at 0630 on 1 April, located between Stóra-Skógfell and Sýlingarfell within the Reykjanes volcanic system. Monitoring data showed related deformation, and pressure changes were detected in boreholes. IMO raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) at 0657 noting that magma was moving, and an eruption may begin within an hour or so.
GPS signals indicated that magma was moving both NE and S towards Grindavík, and the intrusion was about 11 km long; emergency responders in Grindavík reported felt earthquakes and observed signs of deformation. According to a news report residents from about 40 occupied homes in Grindavík were evacuated; eight people decided to not evacuate. A M 4 earthquake was felt in Reykjavík.
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A NE-SW-trending fissure opened at around 0945, just N of the protective barrier built around Grindavík, and by 1000 had grown to 500 m long. Lava fountains developed along the fissure and gas plumes rose about 2 km above the fissure. By 1024 the fissure had extended S and was erupting lava a few hundred meters inside the barrier, between the barrier and Grindavík; lava flowed slowly S.
The Aviation Color Code was raised to Red at 1024 and then back to Orange at 1054; no ash was detected in the emissions. The fissure continued to extend S and by 1235 it was 1.2 km long and comprised of five segments. The nearest house was 500 m S.

Karymsky (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 20-27 March. Thermal anomalies over the volcano were identified in satellite images on 21 March; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. On 30 March, KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code from Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale), noting that eruptive activity was last observed on 12 November 2024.
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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…3 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 13-20 March. Thermal anomalies over the volcano were identified in satellite images on 16 and 18 March; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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…2 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 13-20 March. Thermal anomalies over the volcano were identified in satellite images on 16 and 18 March; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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Shiveluch (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 20-27 March. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images during 21-22 and 25-26 March; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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…3 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 13-20 March. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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…2 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 13-20 March. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
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Bezymianny (Kamchatka): The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 20-27 March. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), incandescent debris avalanches descended the SE and/or E flanks and daily summit incandescence was visible during dark hours. An ash plume generated from a debris avalanche rose 100 m above the summit and drifted NE on 21 March.
Weather conditions occasionally obscured webcam and satellite views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
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Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)
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…3 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a strong thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 13-20 March. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), incandescent debris avalanches descended the SE and/or E flanks and daily summit incandescence was visible during dark hours. Summit incandescence was less intense and debris avalanches were less frequent later in the week.
Ash plumes generated from debris avalanches rose as high as 600 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Weather conditions occasionally obscured webcam and satellite views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
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Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)

…2 Apr:
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a strong thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images during 13-20 March. According to the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), incandescent debris avalanches descended the SE and/or E flanks and daily summit incandescence was visible during dark hours. Summit incandescence was less intense and debris avalanches were less frequent later in the week.
Ash plumes generated from debris avalanches rose as high as 600 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Weather conditions occasionally obscured webcam and satellite views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
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Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)

Kirishima (Kyushu): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported increasing unrest at Shinmoedake (Shinmoe peak, a stratovolcano of the Kirishimayama volcano group). The number of earthquakes with epicenters beneath Shinmoedake began increasing on 28 March. At around 0250 on 30 March a tiltmeter recorded 0.1 microradians of inflation.
A volcanic tremor signal was detected at 0256 and lasted 10 minutes. At 0353 the Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to exercise caution within 4 km from Shinmoedake Crater. The number of earthquakes subsequently decreased after the inflation was detected.
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A field team that was deployed to the volcano observed nothing indicating increased activity. On 2 April the warning zone was reduced to 3 km.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTED AT 20250403/1707Z FL090 STNR OBS VA DTG:03/1710Z
…3 Apr:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 24-31 March. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. An explosion at 1145 on 25 March generated an ash plume that rose 2.5 km above the crater rim and drifted E.
The explosion ejected large blocks 500-700 m from the vent. Another explosion occurred at 2127 on 27 March. On 28 March sulfur dioxide emissions were very high at 3,100 tons per day.
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Eruptive events at 1213 and 1236 on 25 March and at 1447 on 30 March generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted E or SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

…3 Apr:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 17-24 March. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Very small eruptive events were periodically recorded during 17-21 March.
An explosion at 0201 on 22 March generated an ash plume that rose 600 m above the crater rim and drifted SE. The explosion ejected large blocks 600-900 m from the vent. An eruptive event at 0555 on 23 March generated an ash plume that rose 1.8 km above the crater rim and drifted SE.
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The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

…2 Apr:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 17-24 March. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Very small eruptive events were periodically recorded during 17-21 March.
An explosion at 0201 on 22 March generated an ash plume that rose 600 m above the crater rim and drifted SE. The explosion ejected large blocks 600-900 m from the vent. An eruptive event at 0555 on 23 March generated an ash plume that rose 1.8 km above the crater rim and drifted SE.
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The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Suwanose-jima (Ryukyu Islands): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater continued during 24-31 March. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An eruptive event at 0927 on 29 March generated an ash plume that rose 1.5 km above the summit and drifted SE.
Then at 1740 on 29 March an explosion generated an ash plume that rose 1 km into weather clouds. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
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Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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…3 Apr:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater continued during 17-24 March. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive activity generated emissions that rose 800 m above the crater rim and ejected blocks as far as 300 m.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
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Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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…2 Apr:
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima’s Ontake Crater continued during 17-24 March. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive activity generated emissions that rose 800 m above the crater rim and ejected blocks as far as 300 m.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
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Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
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Canlaon (Central Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20250403/1612Z FL090 EXTD SW REPORTED OBS VA DTG:03/1630Z
…3 Apr:
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 25 March-1 April. The seismic network recorded 6-23 daily volcanic earthquakes, including one period of volcanic tremor lasting one hour and 26 minutes on 29 March and one period of volcanic tremor lasting seven minutes on 31 March. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,665 to 3,302 tonnes per day.
Moderate-to-voluminous, gas-and-steam emissions that occasionally contained ash generally rose 100-750 m crater rim and drifted W, WSW, and SW; weather conditions obscured views on 28 and 30 March. A period of ash emissions during 1524-1845 on 31 March produced voluminous plumes that rose up to 1.5 km above the crater rim and drifted W. According to a news article minor ashfall was reported in the barangays of Sag-ang in La Castellana (15 km SW) and Ara-al (7 km W) in La Carlota City, along with Binubuhan (17 km WNW), Ilijan (10 km NW), Ma-ao (17 km NW), and Mailum (11 km NW) in Bago City, Quintia.
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Ash emissions during 0557-0614, 0759-1001, 1028-1041, and 1140-1224 on 1 April rose 300-500 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Digicast Negros

…3 Apr:
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 18-24 March. The seismic network recorded 2-12 daily volcanic earthquakes. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,125 to 3,632 tonnes per day.
Gas-and-steam emissions that occasionally contained ash rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted W and SW; weather conditions obscured views during 21-22 March. There were 1-2 periods of ash emissions on 18, 20, and 23 March that each lasted 6-26 minutes. According to the Tokyo VAAC ash plumes on 23 March were visible in satellite images drifting SW.
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The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

…2 Apr:
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 18-24 March. The seismic network recorded 2-12 daily volcanic earthquakes. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 2,125 to 3,632 tonnes per day.
Gas-and-steam emissions that occasionally contained ash rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted W and SW; weather conditions obscured views during 21-22 March. There were 1-2 periods of ash emissions on 18, 20, and 23 March that each lasted 6-26 minutes. According to the Tokyo VAAC ash plumes on 23 March were visible in satellite images drifting SW.
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The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Ulawun (New Britain, Papua New Guinea): The Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO) reported that at 0800 on 27 March a dense, dark-gray ash plume rose 2-3 km above the Ulawun’s summit and drifted S. Two seismic stations, located 10 km NW and 6 km from the volcano, indicated that seismicity remained low, though small, low-frequency earthquakes within background noise were detected by both stations. Increase seismicity was detected at the station 10 km NW in Real-time Seismic-Amplitude Measurement (RSAM) data 1-2 hours before the eruptive event, peaked about 30 minutes after the event, and then decreased to near-background levels about three hours later.
RVO noted that the ash event was likely over, though seismic data suggested that there was a low probability that small ash plumes could sometimes occur. Continuous low rumbling was heard on 28 March. During 28 March-1 April activity was low and diffuse plumes contained ash but over the week changed to only white steam plumes.
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Operations were restored at the third, and primary, seismic station (UULA) 2.8 km from the summit, on the lower WSW flank, on 28 March. The station immediately began recording small low- and high-frequency volcanic earthquakes, with low-frequency earthquakes being the dominant signal. Both the number and magnitude of both types of earthquakes increased on 1 April.
Source: Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO)

Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA LAST REPORTED TO FL070 AT 03/0947Z EST VA DTG:03/1250Z
…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 26 March-1 April. Daily dense gray ash plumes rose 300-1,200 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the summit was visible in several webcam images posted with the reports.
The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
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Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 12-18 March. Eruptive events were recorded daily though weather conditions sometimes obscured views. Dense gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted SW, NW, and E during 19-21 and 24 March.
Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few webcam images posted with the reports. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
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Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 12-18 March. Eruptive events were recorded daily though weather conditions sometimes obscured views. Dense gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted SW, NW, and E during 19-21 and 24 March.
Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few webcam images posted with the reports. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
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Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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Lewotobi (Flores): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 .
The full report is as follows: VA TO FL080 OBS AT 03/2010Z MOV E OBS VA DTG:03/2010Z to 8000 ft (2400 m)
…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki significantly decreased after the more intense eruptive phase during 20-21 March, though ash plumes continued to be periodically observed. Minor incandescent at the summit was occasionally visible during 22-27 March, though absent during 28-30 March. Seismicity decreased overall; the number of earthquakes indicating emissions notably deceased, both low-frequency and volcanic earthquakes decreased, harmonic tremor fluctuated though was stable, and shallow volcanic earthquakes were not detected.
The report warned that deposits of material especially on the WNW and NNE flanks increased the potential for lahars. During 25-26 March white plumes rose 100-500 m above the summit and drifted N and NE. On 26 March the exclusion zone was decreased to a radius of 6 km from the center of Laki-laki and 7 km in a semicircle clockwise from the SW to the NE.
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On 27 March white-and-gray plumes rose 100-300 m above the summit and drifted N and NE. During 28-30 March and 1 April white plumes rose 100-500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. At 1200 on 30 March the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
A white and gray plume rose 500 m above the summit on 31 March and drifted N and NE.

…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki during mid-March, culminating in a more intense phase on 20 March. Visual observations during 8-15 March indicated that the average height of emissions was increasing with white-to-gray ash plumes rising as high as 2.5 km above the summit. Seismic signals indicating emissions slightly increased, harmonic tremor fluctuated, the number of deep volcanic earthquakes and low-frequency earthquakes slightly decreased, though there was a slight increase in the number of deep volcanic earthquakes on 13 March.
No shallow volcanic earthquakes were detected. Crater incandescence was visible on 13 March.
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Activity significantly increased during 13-20 March. Daily gray ash plumes continued to rise as high as 2.5 km above the summit, though the average height of plumes had increased. Harmonic tremor continued to fluctuate and the number of low-frequency earthquakes slightly increased.
A tornillo-type earthquake was detected on 16 March. The number of deep volcanic earthquakes increased significantly during 19-20 March totaling 205 compared to the average of 3-6 events per day. Shallow volcanic earthquakes began to be detected on 20 March indicating rising magma.

…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased activity at Lewotobi Laki-laki during mid-March, culminating in a more intense phase on 20 March. Visual observations during 8-15 March indicated that the average height of emissions was increasing with white-to-gray ash plumes rising as high as 2.5 km above the summit. Seismic signals indicating emissions slightly increased, harmonic tremor fluctuated, the number of deep volcanic earthquakes and low-frequency earthquakes slightly decreased, though there was a slight increase in the number of deep volcanic earthquakes on 13 March.
No shallow volcanic earthquakes were detected. Crater incandescence was visible on 13 March.
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Activity significantly increased during 13-20 March. Daily gray ash plumes continued to rise as high as 2.5 km above the summit, though the average height of plumes had increased. Harmonic tremor continued to fluctuate and the number of low-frequency earthquakes slightly increased.
A tornillo-type earthquake was detected on 16 March. The number of deep volcanic earthquakes increased significantly during 19-20 March totaling 205 compared to the average of 3-6 events per day. Shallow volcanic earthquakes began to be detected on 20 March indicating rising magma.

Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 26 March-1 April. White steam-and-gas plumes rose 100 m above the summit and drifted E on 26 March. Weather conditions obscured views during 27-30 March, though a nighttime webcam image on 29 March showed incandescent material being ejected above the summit.
On 31 March white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100 m and drifted E and SE; a nighttime webcam image again showed incandescent material being ejected above the summit. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks.
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Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 19-25 March. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE on most days; weather conditions obscured views during 22-23 March. At 0639, 0718, and 0850 on 19 March ash plumes that were gray or gray-to-black rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted E.
At 0454 on 20 March a dense gray-to-black ash plume rose 700 m above the summit and drifted E, and at 1616 on 24 March a dense gray ash plume rose 100 m and drifted E. Another dense gray ash plume rose 300 m and drifted E at 0627 on 25 March. Incandescent material being ejected above the summit was visible in a webcam image from 0453 on 20 March.
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The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 19-25 March. White steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE on most days; weather conditions obscured views during 22-23 March. At 0639, 0718, and 0850 on 19 March ash plumes that were gray or gray-to-black rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted E.
At 0454 on 20 March a dense gray-to-black ash plume rose 700 m above the summit and drifted E, and at 1616 on 24 March a dense gray ash plume rose 100 m and drifted E. Another dense gray ash plume rose 300 m and drifted E at 0627 on 25 March. Incandescent material being ejected above the summit was visible in a webcam image from 0453 on 20 March.
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The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the vent and 2.5 km away on the S, SE, and W flanks.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 21-27 March. Seismicity was at higher levels than the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 23 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 20 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 26 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage.
Slight morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from minor collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
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Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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…3 Apr:
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 14-20 March. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 31 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 29 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, 29 that traveled as far as 1.9 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage, and one that descended the Boyong drainage on the S flank as far as 1.2 km.
Two pyroclastic flows descended the Krasak drainage as far as 1.8 km. Slight morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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…2 Apr:
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 14-20 March. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 31 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 29 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, 29 that traveled as far as 1.9 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage, and one that descended the Boyong drainage on the S flank as far as 1.2 km.
Two pyroclastic flows descended the Krasak drainage as far as 1.8 km. Slight morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
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Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION LAST REPORTED AT 03/1214Z.
…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 26 March-1 April, with multiple eruptive events recorded daily by the seismic network. Daily dense white-and-gray or gray-to-black ash plumes rose 300-800 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, E, and S. Incandescence at the summit was visible in webcam images from 1 April.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 19-25 March, with multiple, daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-900 m above the summit and drifted N and NE during 19-21 March. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 19-25 March, with multiple, daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-900 m above the summit and drifted N and NE during 19-21 March. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4).
The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): The explosive eruption at the volcano continues.
A vigorous eruption occurred at the summit crater at 07:12 local time this morning. A dense ash plume rose to an altitude of 4,4 km that propagated east.
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Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi volcano activity update 3 April 2025

…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 19-25 March. Daily white plumes generally rose as high as 250 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. At 0229 on 20 March a dense gray ash plume rose 1 km above the summit and drifted S.
An eruptive event was recorded at 0842 on 22 March but not visually observed due to weather conditions. According to a news report the event produced a loud bang heard in several areas including Padang Panjang City (11 km SW), Koto Baru (15 km NNW), Sungai Pua Village (7 km NW), and Bukittinggi City (13 km NW). One resident in Bukittinggi City noted that loud bangs had been heard quite often over the previous few months.
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The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News

…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 19-25 March. Daily white plumes generally rose as high as 250 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. At 0229 on 20 March a dense gray ash plume rose 1 km above the summit and drifted S.
An eruptive event was recorded at 0842 on 22 March but not visually observed due to weather conditions. According to a news report the event produced a loud bang heard in several areas including Padang Panjang City (11 km SW), Koto Baru (15 km NNW), Sungai Pua Village (7 km NW), and Bukittinggi City (13 km NW). One resident in Bukittinggi City noted that loud bangs had been heard quite often over the previous few months.
… [read more] … [show less]
The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News

Dukono (Halmahera): The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 26 March-1 April. Daily dense white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose as high as 2.5 km above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. Rumbling and banging sounds were sometimes accompanied by strong booms during 26-28 March.
The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…3 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 19-25 March. White-and-gray or gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, E, and NE on all days except 23 March. Rumbling and banging sounds were sometimes accompanied by strong booms during 19 and 24-25 March.
Ashfall was reported in Tobelo (15 km ENE) and surrounding areas during 24-25 March. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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…2 Apr:
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 19-25 March. White-and-gray or gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, E, and NE on all days except 23 March. Rumbling and banging sounds were sometimes accompanied by strong booms during 19 and 24-25 March.
Ashfall was reported in Tobelo (15 km ENE) and surrounding areas during 24-25 March. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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Awu (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands): The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that seismicity at Awu had increased. During March fluctuating levels of emissions rose as high as 200 m above the lava dome on the main crater floor and did not indicate an increase in activity. Tiltmeter data continued to show an inflationary trend.
On 28 March there was an increase in the number of low-frequency earthquakes, indicating fluid movement at depth, and was accompanied by a relatively high number of shallow volcanic earthquakes. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the crater’s center.
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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Lopevi (Vanuatu): On 27 March the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that during the previous month small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted at Lopevi’s summit crater based on recent photos and webcam images. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 19 and 24 March. Seismic data confirmed continuing unrest.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
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Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
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Yasur (Tanna Island, Vanuatu): On 27 March the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5). Satellite and webcam images indicated that explosions continued, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions and low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images.
Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
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Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
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Gaua (Vanuatu): On 27 March the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards (VMGD) reported that volcanic emissions consisting of steam and/or gas continued to be emitted at Gaua based on satellite images. Sulfur dioxide gas was detected in the emissions on 1 March. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the public was warned to stay away from the main cone.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
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Aoba (Vanuatu): On 27 March the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that steam and/or gas emissions from the active vents at Ambae were ongoing during March based on satellite images and webcam images. Sulfur dioxide emissions were detected in satellite data. Seismic data also confirmed ongoing unrest.
The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone, defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui, and away from drainages during heavy rains.
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Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
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Epi (Vanuatu): On 27 March the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that minor unrest continued at East Epi during March. No activity was observed above the ocean surface by communities of Epi and neighboring islands, though signs of continuing volcanic unrest was detected in seismic data. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone, defined as a 2-km radius around the active submarine vent.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
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White Island (New Zealand): On 25 March GeoNet reported that semi-continuous steam-and-gas plumes from Whakaari/White Island contained variable but minor amounts of ash during the previous few weeks. The plumes were visible in images from webcams (at Whakatane and Te Kaha) and occasionally detected in satellite data by the New Zealand Met Service. The ash sometimes created a hazy plume drifting downwind that could be seen from points along the mainland coast.
During an overflight on 21 March scientists observed that the active event areas had slightly enlarged. They saw impact craters on the crater floor, up to 600 m from the vent, suggesting that occasional more explosive activity had recently occurred. Temperature measurements of the active vent were 360 degrees Celsius, up from 220 degrees measured in January.
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But well below the highs of over 580 degrees measured in August 2024. Sulfur dioxide emissions were not identified in satellite data. The activity was consistent with moderate-to-heightened levels of unrest, therefore the Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5).
The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) due to the presence of ash in the emissions. GeoNet stated that the Alert Levels were reflective of the current level of activity, but there was uncertainty due to the current lack of consistent, usable, real-time monitoring data; GeoNet relies on remote cameras, satellite images, and periodic overflights to monitor Whakaari.

…2 Apr:
On 25 March GeoNet reported that semi-continuous steam-and-gas plumes from Whakaari/White Island contained variable but minor amounts of ash during the previous few weeks. The plumes were visible in images from webcams (at Whakatane and Te Kaha) and occasionally detected in satellite data by the New Zealand Met Service. The ash sometimes created a hazy plume drifting downwind that could be seen from points along the mainland coast.
During an overflight on 21 March scientists observed that the active event areas had slightly enlarged. They saw impact craters on the crater floor, up to 600 m from the vent, suggesting that occasional more explosive activity had recently occurred. Temperature measurements of the active vent were 360 degrees Celsius, up from 220 degrees measured in January.
… [read more] … [show less]
But well below the highs of over 580 degrees measured in August 2024. Sulfur dioxide emissions were not identified in satellite data. The activity was consistent with moderate-to-heightened levels of unrest, therefore the Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5).
The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) due to the presence of ash in the emissions. GeoNet stated that the Alert Levels were reflective of the current level of activity, but there was uncertainty due to the current lack of consistent, usable, real-time monitoring data; GeoNet relies on remote cameras, satellite images, and periodic overflights to monitor Whakaari.

Kilauea (Hawai’i): (3 Apr) The effusive activity within the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor ceased at 12:03 PM last night, marking the conclusion of the 16th eruption.
The activity in the southern vent was dominated by tall lava fountains reaching 180-210 meters in height.
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The effusive period lasted over 37 hours with the last 25 hours and 39 minutes consisting of fountains from the south vent.

…3 Apr:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, from vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 25 March-1 April. After a few days of no lava effusion from the N and S vents, activity resumed on 25 March. Eight cycles of rising lava in the N vent and small spatter fountaining were recorded during 0927-1155, with each cycle lasting 5-10 minutes and ending with lava draining back into the vent.
At 1204 a more dynamic cycle began at the N vent with vigorous dome fountaining 10-20 m high and overflows of lava that extended onto the crater floor. Intermittent activity at the S vent also sent lava onto the crater floor. The cycles at the N vent continued through the day and by 0936 on 26 March nearly 100 cycles had been counted.
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Lava covered about 20 percent of the crater floor.
The cycles began to transition to lava fountaining at 1000 on 26 March, and by 1020 both vents were producing sustained fountains that rose more than 180 m. By 1045 fountains at the S vent were rising 180-210 m while N vent fountains were rising about half as high. Fountains at the S vent rose as high as 305 m during 1100-1200 and again at around 1330.

…3 Apr:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, from vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 18-25 March. Occasional bursts of spatter rose from the N vent overnight during 18-19 March, with activity becoming more frequent in the morning. From 2358 on 18 March to 0514 on 19 March the S vent overflowed six times, sending lava flows up to 50 m across the crater floor.
During 0602-0610 lava overflowed the S vent for a seventh time and was accompanied by large spatter bursts that could be seen over the top of the N vent cone in a webcam. None of the lava flows were active for more than 10 minutes. Spatter activity at both vents waned around 0700 and then increased at around 0920.
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Lava overflowed the N vent at 0926 and the S vent during 0950-1035. At the N vent periods of low domed fountains, as high as 10 m, alternated with “drainbacks” (2-3 m drops) of the 65 x 45 m lava pond that occurred every 5-10 minutes, with the interval decreasing over time.
The dome fountains significantly increased in size at around 0200 on 20 March, rising 15-30 m. Fountains rose from the S vent at 0630, and within 20 minutes both vents were producing sustained fountains. By 0715 the fountains were rising 120-180 m and lava covered more than half the crater floor.

…2 Apr:
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, from vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 18-25 March. Occasional bursts of spatter rose from the N vent overnight during 18-19 March, with activity becoming more frequent in the morning. From 2358 on 18 March to 0514 on 19 March the S vent overflowed six times, sending lava flows up to 50 m across the crater floor.
During 0602-0610 lava overflowed the S vent for a seventh time and was accompanied by large spatter bursts that could be seen over the top of the N vent cone in a webcam. None of the lava flows were active for more than 10 minutes. Spatter activity at both vents waned around 0700 and then increased at around 0920.
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Lava overflowed the N vent at 0926 and the S vent during 0950-1035. At the N vent periods of low domed fountains, as high as 10 m, alternated with “drainbacks” (2-3 m drops) of the 65 x 45 m lava pond that occurred every 5-10 minutes, with the interval decreasing over time.
The dome fountains significantly increased in size at around 0200 on 20 March, rising 15-30 m. Fountains rose from the S vent at 0630, and within 20 minutes both vents were producing sustained fountains. By 0715 the fountains were rising 120-180 m and lava covered more than half the crater floor.

Home Reef (Tonga Islands): The Tonga Geological Services reported ongoing and consistent activity at Home Reef during 11-21 March. A lava dome just SW of the central part of the island was visible in an 11 March satellite image; this 80 m W-E, 100 m N-S feature had not changed in size since the previous view. Thermal anomalies were ongoing at least through 19 March and were at mostly low levels, though occasionally they were characterized as moderate.
Infrasound data also indicated continuing minor eruptive activity. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale), and mariners were advised to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) away from the island. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).
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Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
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…2 Apr:
The Tonga Geological Services reported ongoing and consistent activity at Home Reef during 11-21 March. A lava dome just SW of the central part of the island was visible in an 11 March satellite image; this 80 m W-E, 100 m N-S feature had not changed in size since the previous view. Thermal anomalies were ongoing at least through 19 March and were at mostly low levels, though occasionally they were characterized as moderate.
Infrasound data also indicated continuing minor eruptive activity. The Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale), and mariners were advised to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) away from the island. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).
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Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
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Ahyi (United States, Mariana Islands): Unrest at Ahyi Seamount may have continued during 21-28 March. A diffuse plume of discolored water in the vicinity of the seamount was last identified in a satellite image on 15 March, indicating possible submarine activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
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…3 Apr:
Unrest at Ahyi Seamount continued during 14-21 March. A diffuse plume of discolored water in the vicinity of the seamount was identified in a satellite image on 15 March, indicating possible submarine activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
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…2 Apr:
Unrest at Ahyi Seamount continued during 14-21 March. A diffuse plume of discolored water in the vicinity of the seamount was identified in a satellite image on 15 March, indicating possible submarine activity. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
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Katmai (Alaska Peninsula, USA): The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that on 31 March strong winds in the vicinity of Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes dispersed unconsolidated ash up to 1.2 km (4,000 ft) a.s.l. to the SE. The ash was originally deposited during the Novarupta-Katmai eruption in 1912.
The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
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Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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Great Sitkin (United States, Aleutian Islands): The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 26 March-1 April. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. Slightly elevated surface temperatures were observed in satellite data during most of the week.
Typical minor steaming from the vent region was visible in webcam images during 25-26 March and 30-31 March. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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…3 Apr:
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 19-25 March. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. No unusual activity was visible in mostly cloudy webcam and satellite images for most of the week.
Steaming from the vent region and slightly elevated surface temperatures were detected in satellite and webcam views of the volcano during 23-24 March. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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…2 Apr:
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 19-25 March. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. No unusual activity was visible in mostly cloudy webcam and satellite images for most of the week.
Steaming from the vent region and slightly elevated surface temperatures were detected in satellite and webcam views of the volcano during 23-24 March. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
… [read more] … [show less]
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
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Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 18-25 March. The seismic network recorded 31-87 long-period events per day on most days, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions. In addition, the seismic network also recorded daily low-amplitude tremor, characterized by harmonic and high-frequency signals, with periods lasting 11 minutes to as long as four hours and 33 minutes.
According to the Washington VAAC an ash plume was visible in webcam and satellite images on 24 March rising 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. (around 1.3 km above the summit) and drifting E. The ash had dissipated within about six hours.
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The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

…2 Apr:
The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 18-25 March. The seismic network recorded 31-87 long-period events per day on most days, accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions. In addition, the seismic network also recorded daily low-amplitude tremor, characterized by harmonic and high-frequency signals, with periods lasting 11 minutes to as long as four hours and 33 minutes.
According to the Washington VAAC an ash plume was visible in webcam and satellite images on 24 March rising 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. (around 1.3 km above the summit) and drifting E. The ash had dissipated within about six hours.
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The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Rincón de la Vieja (Costa Rica): The Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that occasional, small, phreatic eruptions at Rincón de la Vieja were recorded during 18-20 March in monitoring network data. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 311 tons per day on 18 March, which was significantly higher than averages during the previous few days. At 1815 on 20 March a phreatic eruption produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose 200 m.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)
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…2 Apr:
The Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that occasional, small, phreatic eruptions at Rincón de la Vieja were recorded during 18-20 March in monitoring network data. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 311 tons per day on 18 March, which was significantly higher than averages during the previous few days. At 1815 on 20 March a phreatic eruption produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose 200 m.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)
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Poas (Costa Rica): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: PSBL VA EMS
…3 Apr:
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported increasing activity at Poás in late March with continuing activity at least through 1 April. Significant inflation, phreatomagmatic activity, and volcanic emissions were ongoing. During 23-26 March, small-to-moderate phreatomagmatic explosions at the Boca A and Boca C vents were almost continuous, and they intensified on 24 March.
The explosions generated gas-and-steam plumes that rose as high as 150 m and ejected jets of sediments and tephra; material up to 10 cm in diameter was occasionally deposited on the W crater rim. Volcanic gas emissions were very high and indicated that the water content was decreasing while emissions of more toxic gases was increasing. Sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data were as high as 600 tons per day (t/d) on 25 March.
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Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) closed the Parque Nacional volcán Poás on 25 March. During 25-26 March gas emissions were nearly constant and volcanic plumes drifted E.
On 26 March activity again intensified; during clear conditions ash and bombs were observed being ejected 200 m from the vents and the gas-and-steam plumes contained an increase in ash content. During 27-28 March frequent-to-continuous explosions at Boca C produced gas-and-ash plumes that rose 300-400 m and drifted SW. An explosion at 1558 on 28 March generated a gas-and-ash plume that rose 500 m and drifted W.

…3 Apr:
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that eruptive activity at Poás continued at an elevated level during 19-25 March. Significant inflation continued to be detected and gas-and-steam emissions were ongoing. Analysis of the ash revealed a significant amount, around 20 percent, of juvenile material.
Sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated at high levels, with averages ranging from 675-844 tons per day (t/d) during 19-20 March, based on MultiGAS station data. Sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data were as high as 844 t/d on 20 March. Occasional phreatic eruptions were recorded by the seismic and acoustic network.
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Two small phreatic eruptions on 19 March ejected material 50-100 m high and another recorded at 1815 on 20 March produced a 200-m-high plume. A small phreatic eruption at Boca C on 23 March was followed by a period of small, very frequent events during 23-25 March; weather conditions obscured views of the crater. Video from 0747 on 25 March showed a phreatic eruption ejecting dark material above the vent and a steam plume drifting downwind.
Ballistics were ejected onto the crater floor. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest color on a four-color scale).

…2 Apr:
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that eruptive activity at Poás continued at an elevated level during 19-25 March. Significant inflation continued to be detected and gas-and-steam emissions were ongoing. Analysis of the ash revealed a significant amount, around 20 percent, of juvenile material.
Sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated at high levels, with averages ranging from 675-844 tons per day (t/d) during 19-20 March, based on MultiGAS station data. Sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data were as high as 844 t/d on 20 March. Occasional phreatic eruptions were recorded by the seismic and acoustic network.
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Two small phreatic eruptions on 19 March ejected material 50-100 m high and another recorded at 1815 on 20 March produced a 200-m-high plume. A small phreatic eruption at Boca C on 23 March was followed by a period of small, very frequent events during 23-25 March; weather conditions obscured views of the crater. Video from 0747 on 25 March showed a phreatic eruption ejecting dark material above the vent and a steam plume drifting downwind.
Ballistics were ejected onto the crater floor. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest color on a four-color scale).

Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: OCNL VA EMS
…3 Apr:
The Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 25-31 March. Seismic data indicated that events associated with fluid movement decreased in both number and intensity compared to the previous week, though long-duration signals slightly increased. Some of the seismic events were associated with pulsating ash emissions; webcam images confirmed these ash emissions, including some with higher-temperature ejecta.
Gas plumes rose as high as 1 km above the summit; at 1744 on 25 March a gas-and-ash plume rose as high as 1.9 km above the summit as it drifted SW and W. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing decreased in both number and magnitude compared to the previous week. The earthquakes were mainly located below Arenas Crater, the NE and SW flanks within 4 km, and the W and NW flanks within 14 km, with depths of 1-10 km.
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Low-energy thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data. Sulfur dioxide emissions detected in satellite data continued to be significant. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater, not to spend long periods of time on the Murillo-Cerro Gualí Road, and to avoid drainages in the high-threat zones.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Sangay (Ecuador): (3 Apr) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: NO VA EMS OBSD

Reventador (Ecuador): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA EMS OBS

Nyamuragira (DRCongo): Satellite images acquired on 17 and 22 March showed continuing activity at Nyamuragira. A bright thermal anomaly just NE of the central part of the summit crater was visible in both images, along with surrounding elevated temperatures on the E half of the crater floor, likely from lava flows. Although weather and volcanic gas plumes obscured most of the W flank, a small incandescent spot from an active lava flow on the upper W flank was visible in the 17 March image.
Source: Copernicus
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…2 Apr:
Satellite images acquired on 17 and 22 March showed continuing activity at Nyamuragira. A bright thermal anomaly just NE of the central part of the summit crater was visible in both images, along with surrounding elevated temperatures on the E half of the crater floor, likely from lava flows. Although weather and volcanic gas plumes obscured most of the W flank, a small incandescent spot from an active lava flow on the upper W flank was visible in the 17 March image.
Source: Copernicus
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Violent strombolian activity at Etna’s SE crater last evening (image: INGV Catania webcam)