Rift Valley Fever – Mayotte (France)

On 4 January 2019, the National IHR Focal Point for France informed WHO of five human autochthonous cases of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) diagnosed on Mayotte Island through the Early Warning and Response System of the European Union. The dates of symptom onset ranged from 22 November to 31 December 2018.

From November 2018 to 03 May 2019, 129 confirmed human Rift Valley Fever (RVF) cases and 109 animal foci (23 small ruminants and 86 bovine) have been reported in Mayotte. After a steady decline in cases during the last three weeks of March 2019, a slight increase has been observed in April 2019. As of 3 May 2019, one new human case but no new animal foci have been reported. Both human RVF cases and animal foci are mainly located in the center and the north west of the main island Grande-Terre. However, since the end of March 2019, a few new animal foci have also been detected in the east of Grande-Terre and in Petite Terre of Mayotte.

The Chinese transgender individuals forced to take treatment into their own hands

Huiming* was in her early twenties when she decided to remove her male genitalia. But living in China, her options were limited. For one, gender-affirming surgery in the country is only available to individuals diagnosed as mentally ill, which Huiming was not. It also requires the permission of an individual’s family – something Huiming felt certain she would not obtain. Going overseas for the operation was another option, but one Huiming simply could not afford. “Operations were rumoured to cost more than $30,000 back then,” she said. “That is more than the lifetime savings of many families.” In desperation, Huiming* tried putting ice on her male genitals to stop them functioning and even booked a surgery with a black-market doctor, but the doctor was arrested before her surgery was done.So she felt she had only one choice left: Huiming would perform the surgery herself. “I was very happy and scared. I was scared because I was bleeding so badly – I could have died right there. I was also scared because I would still die a man, since I only did part of the surgery,” Huiming, now 30, told Amnesty International. Her story is shocking, but in China it is sadly not unique. Discrimination and stigma against the transgender community pervades all walks of life – including the medical and legal professions – and has left individuals such as Huiming to take drastic and often dangerous measures in their quest to become themselves.