Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report:
FVAU01 at 11:41 UTC, 04/12/25 from ADRM VA ADVISORY DTG: 20251204/1130Z VAAC: DARWIN VOLCANO: MARAPI 261140 PSN: S0023 E10028 AREA: INDONESIA SOURCE ELEV: 2885M AMSL ADVISORY NR: 2025/176 INFO SOURCE: CVGHM HIMAWARI-9 ERUPTION DETAILS: VEN STATES ERUPTION TO UNKNOWN HEIGHT AT 04/0916Z EST VA DTG: 04/0916Z EST VA CLD: SFC/FL100 S0027 E10030 – S0024 E10024 – S0008 E10021 – S0004 E10032 – S0013 E10044 MOV NE 05KT FCST VA CLD +6 HR: 04/1516Z NO VA EXP FCST VA CLD +12 HR: 04/2116Z NO VA EXP FCST VA CLD +18 HR: 05/0316Z NO VA EXP RMK: CVGHM VEN GROUND REPORT OF ERUPTION WITH NO VA OBSERVATION. VA NOT DETECTED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY WITH SUMMIT OBSCURED BY MET CLOUD. ANY VA EXPECTED TO DISSIPATE WITHIN 6 HOURS. NXT ADVISORY: NO LATER THAN 20251204/1730Z=
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report:
FVAU01 at 03:50 UTC, 04/12/25 from ADRM VA ADVISORY DTG: 20251204/0350Z VAAC: DARWIN VOLCANO: IBU 268030 PSN: N0129 E12738 AREA: INDONESIA SOURCE ELEV: 1325M AMSL ADVISORY NR: 2025/1354 INFO SOURCE: CVGHM HIMAWARI-9 ERUPTION DETAILS: VA REPORTED TO FL070 MOV NE AT 04/0240Z EST VA DTG: 04/0330Z EST VA CLD: SFC/FL070 N0128 E12737 – N0131 E12736 – N0146 E12758 – N0140 E12805 – N0132 E12804 MOV NE 15KT FCST VA CLD +6 HR: 04/0930Z NO VA EXP FCST VA CLD +12 HR: 04/1530Z NO VA EXP FCST VA CLD +18 HR: 04/2130Z NO VA EXP RMK: VA NOT IDENTIFIABLE ON LATEST SAT IMAGERY DUE TO MET CLOUD. VA IS EXPECTED TO DISSIPATE WITHIN 6HRS. HEIGHT AND MOV BASED ON GROUND REPORT AND MODEL GUIDANCE. NXT ADVISORY: NO LATER THAN 20251204/0950Z=
The new lava delta is forming, expanding the coastline (image: Sentinel-2)
The effusive eruption at the volcano continues.
Judging from the latest Sentinel-2 satellite image, the lava persists, sustaining its flow and progressing in the formation of the lava delta along the northern coastline. The active lava flow is currently about 966 meters long.
Satellite image of Sakurajima volcano on 4 Dec 2025
Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 6000 ft (1800 m) altitude or flight level 060 . The full report is as follows:
FVFE01 at 00:41 UTC, 04/12/25 from RJTD VA ADVISORY DTG: 20251204/0041Z VAAC: TOKYO VOLCANO: SAKURAJIMA [AIRA CALDERA] 282080 PSN: N3136 E13039 AREA: JAPAN SOURCE ELEV: 1117M AMSL ADVISORY NR: 2025/434 INFO SOURCE: JMA HIMAWARI-9 ERUPTION DETAILS: ERUPTED AT 20251203/2342Z FL060 EXTD SE OBS VA DTG: 04/0010Z OBS VA CLD: SFC/FL060 N3135 E13040 – N3132 E13046 – N3127 E13046 MOV
Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the eruption continued at Aira on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale). Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale)
Canlaon (Central Philippines): The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that the eruption continued at Kanlaon on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „2 – Moderate Level of Volcanic Unrest“ (level 2 on a 0–5 level scale). Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „2 – Moderate Level of Volcanic Unrest“ (level 2 on a 0–5 level scale)
Taal (Luzon, Philippines): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) issued the following report: ERUPTION AT 20251203/1659Z FL050 REPORTED OBS VA DTG:03/1700Z …3 Dec: The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that the eruption continued at Taal on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „1 – Low-Level Unrest“ (on a 0–5 level scale). Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „1 – Low-Level Unrest“ (on a 0–5 level scale)
Karangetang (Siau Island, Sangihe Islands, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Karangetang on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Raung (East Java): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Raung on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: GROUND REPORT OF DISCRETE ERUPTION WITH VA TO FL060 …3 Dec: The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Ibu on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Sangeang Api (Flores Sea, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Sangeang Api on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Lewotobi (Flores): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotobi (Laki-Laki) on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 4 – Caution“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 4 – Caution“ (on a 4-level scale)
Soputan (North Sulawesi, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Soputan on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotolok on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Merapi on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Semeru on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)
Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Marapi on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Dukono (Halmahera): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Dukono on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Awu (Sulawesi & Sangihe Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Awu on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Kerinci (Sumatra): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Kerinci on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Iliwerung (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Iliwerung on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Lokon-Empung (North Sulawesi, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Lokon-Empung on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Aoba (Vanuatu): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Wellington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 05 kts in NW direction. The full report is as follows: ERUPTION AT 20251202/1400Z CONTINUOUS LOW LEVEL ERUPTION to 8000 ft (2400 m)
Kilauea (Hawai’i): The United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO) reported that the eruption continued at Kilauea on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Shishaldin (Aleutian Islands, Alaska): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that unrest continued at Shishaldin between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Yellow“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale)
Great Sitkin (United States, Aleutian Islands): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that the eruption continued at Great Sitkin between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 . The full report is as follows: NEW VA EM. to 20000 ft (6100 m) …3 Dec: The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that the eruption continued at Popocatépetl between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale). Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale)
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 15000 ft (4600 m) altitude or flight level 150 . The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EMS to 15000 ft (4600 m)
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 . The full report is as follows: ONGOING VA EMS to 16000 ft (4900 m)
Puracé (Colombia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report: VA NOT SEEN IN SAT IMAGERY …3 Dec: The Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) reported that unrest continued at Puracé on 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Sangay (Ecuador): The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale)
Reventador (Ecuador): The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Reventador between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale)
Sabancaya (Peru): The Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP) reported that the eruption continued at Sabancaya between 1 December 2025 (local) and 2 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
