Kategorie: Climate Change

World map showing currently active volcanoes as of 23 Dec 2025

Explosive and effusive activity stood out today, with Guatemala’s volcanoes producing frequent bursts while steady lava and glow persisted in Alaska and Hawaii. Fuego and Santa Maria generated regular explosions and ash plumes, and Purace lofted ash to 1.6 km amid ongoing degassing. Compared with yesterday, Shishaldin is now classified as erupting, and new ash was noted at Purace, Reventador, Ibu, Semeru, and Dukono.

United States
Alaska’s Great Sitkin (Aviation ORANGE) sustained lava effusion at the summit. Hawaii’s Kilauea (Aviation ORANGE) showed glow and intermittent spatter from its northern and southern vents alongside tremor. Shishaldin is classed as erupting and holds Aviation YELLOW, with no new ash reported.

Indonesia
Ibu and Semeru produced numerous explosions (91 and 172, respectively) with ash rising up to 800 m; Dukono sent ash 400 m above the vent. Elevated but quieter conditions persisted at Lewotobi (Level 3) and at Merapi, Marapi, Lewotolok, and Raung (Level 2) without notable ash. Unrest continued at Karangetang (Level 2).

Philippines
Kanlaon produced plumes to 700 m (Level 2). Taal emitted low plumes to 20 m (Level 1). Unrest at Mayon (Level 1) included summit incandescence, eight seismically detected rockfalls, and plumes to 400 m.

Mexico
Popocatepetl remained at Yellow Alert – Phase 2.

South America
Colombia’s Purace produced ash to 1.6 km and persistent degassing from a crater-wall fissure, with thermal anomalies detected. Ecuador’s Reventador sent ash up to 1 km and showed multiple thermal hotspots, while Sangay stayed at Alert Level 2 – Yellow. Peru’s Sabancaya emitted low gas plumes and registered modest seismicity with thermal anomalies.

Other
In Guatemala, Fuego generated up to six explosions per hour with ash to 737 m, audible booms, and incandescent ejecta. Nearby, Santa Maria produced ash to 900 m, up to three explosions per hour, and incandescent rockfalls.

Source: Smithsonian/USGS GVP Daily Volcanic Activity Report (23 December 2025).

Activity Summary for 23 December 2025

The island is being enlarged on its E and SE part as lava tongues advance towards the south and east (image: Sentinel-2)

A new effusive period at the volcano started over the past days.

Following a strong thermal anomaly detection in the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 17 ad 22 December, new lava flows appear to be commenced descending in multiple directions from the summit crater of the island, indicating a new batch of magma rising in the volcano’s feeder pipe.

Lava flows thereby seem to form new lava deltas on the island’s E and SE parts and expand its area.

Two lava branches continues to travel towards the eastern and southestern directions from the crater (image: Sentinel-2)

Lava fountaining from Kilauea’s 39th lava fountaining episode during the night 23-24 Dec 2025 (image: HVO/USGS webcam)

The 39th lava fountaining episode from Halema’uma’u crater began at 8.10 pm on 23 December 2025 local time and lasted almost 6 hours, producing lava fountains up to 420 m tall.

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported, it „ended abruptly at 2:13 a.m. HST on December 24, 2025 after 5.9 hours of continuous fountaining (the start time was revised from 8:10 p.m. to 8:20 p.m. HST on December 23 based on tilt and tremor data).

„The north vent stopped erupting at approximately 2:00 a.m. HST. The south vent stopped erupting at approximately 2:13 a.m. HST, marking the end of the episode. Lava fountains from the south vent reached up to 1400 ft (420 m) while north vent fountains were just under 1000 feet (280 meters) around 9:30 p.m. HST on December 23. Episode 39 fountains lasted for 5.9 hours and produced an estimated 13 million cubic yards (10 million cubic meters) of lava. The combined average eruption rate was over 250 cubic yards per second (190 cubic meters per second) from the dual fountains. Lava flows from the fountains covered about 60-70% of the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu crater.

„Volcanic gas emissions have greatly decreased. Lava flows from this episode on the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu within the southern part of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera) may continue to exhibit slow movement or incandescence as they cool and solidify over the coming days.“

Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Washington (VAAC) issued the following report:

FVXX24 at 11:55 UTC, 24/12/25 from KNES
VA ADVISORY
DTG: 20251224/1153Z

VAAC: WASHINGTON

VOLCANO: PURACE 351060
PSN: N0219 W07624

AREA: COLOMBIA

SOURCE ELEV: 15256 FT AMSL

ADVISORY NR: 2025/130

INFO SOURCE: GOES-19. NWP MODELS.

ERUPTION DETAILS: OCNL VA EMS

EST VA DTG: 24/1120Z

EST VA CLD: SFC/FL180 N0219 W07624 – N0213 W07615
– N0210 W07618 – N0219 W07624 – N0219 W07624 MOV
SE 5KT

FCST VA CLD +6HR: 24/1730Z SFC/FL180 N0219 W07623
– N0218 W07613 – N0213 W07615 – N0219 W07624 –
N0219 W07623

FCST VA CLD +12HR: 24/2330Z NO VA EXP

FCST VA CLD +18HR: 25/0530Z NO VA EXP

RMK: VA NOT DETECTED IN STLT IMG. VA EMS MAY CONT
BASED ON PREV RPRTS AND ACTIVITY. MDL GUIDANCE
SUGGESTS SE MVMT TO SHIFT ESE BY T+6. …GATLING

NXT ADVISORY: WILL BE ISSUED BY 20251224/1800Z

Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Darwin warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 4000 ft (1200 m) altitude or flight level 040 .
The full report is as follows:

FVAU04 at 07:57 UTC, 24/12/25 from ADRM
VA ADVISORY
DTG: 20251224/0757Z
VAAC: DARWIN
VOLCANO: BARREN ISLAND 260010
PSN: N1217 E09351
AREA: INDIA
SOURCE ELEV: 354M AMSL
ADVISORY NR: 2025/25
INFO SOURCE: HIMAWARI-9
ERUPTION DETAILS: VA TO FL040 OBS AT 24/0740Z MOV W
OBS VA DTG: 24/0740Z
OBS VA CLD: SFC/FL040 N1220 E09353 – N1215 E09355 – N1204
E09336 – N1218 E09324 – N1231 E09334 MOV W 05KT
FCST VA CLD +6 HR: 24/1340Z SFC/FL040 N1220 E09353 – N1214
E09355 – N1159 E09342 – N1202 E09329 – N1215 E09333
FCST VA CLD +12 HR: 24/1940Z SFC/FL040 N1220 E09353 – N1215
E09355 – N1157 E09344 – N1158 E09331 – N1211 E09333
FCST VA CLD +18 HR: 25/0140Z SFC/FL040 N1220 E09353 – N1215
E09355 – N1156 E09351 – N1156 E09333 – N1215 E09333
RMK: CONTINUOUS VA IDENTIFIABLE ON LATEST SATELLITE IMAGERY.
HEIGHT AND MOVEMENT BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGERY AND MODEL
GUIDANCE.
NXT ADVISORY: NO LATER THAN 20251224/1357Z=