RMK: VA EM FM SUMMIT OBS IN WEBCAM. VA NOT OBS IN STLT IMG DUE TO MET CLD CVR IN SUMMIT AREA. LGT WINDS EXP WITH MOVNT TO WSW THRU T+18 HRS. FL BSD ON PST ACT. FCST BSD ON NWP MDLS. …LINER
Sakurajima (Kyushu, Japan): The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the eruption continued at Aira on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale). Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Restriction on proximity to the volcano“ (on a 5-level scale)
Ibu (Halmahera, Indonesia): Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 13/1535Z EST VA DTG:13/1820Z …13 Dec: The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Ibu on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Lewotobi (Flores): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotobi (Laki-Laki) on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)
Lewotolo (Lesser Sunda Islands): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Lewotolok on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Merapi (Central Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Merapi on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)
Semeru (East Java, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Semeru on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 3 – Standby“ (on a 4-level scale)
Marapi (Western Sumatra, Indonesia): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Marapi on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Dukono (Halmahera): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that the eruption continued at Dukono on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Kerinci (Sumatra): The Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) reported that unrest continued at Kerinci on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard/Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (CVGHM/PVMBG) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Alert“ (on a 4-level scale)
Kilauea (Hawai’i): The United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO) reported that the eruption continued at Kilauea on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS-HVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Shishaldin (Aleutian Islands, Alaska): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that unrest continued at Shishaldin between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Yellow“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Advisory“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale)
Great Sitkin (United States, Aleutian Islands): The United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) reported that the eruption continued at Great Sitkin between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: United States Geological Survey – Alaska Volcano Observatory (USGS-AVO) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Watch“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Popocatépetl (Central Mexico): The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that the eruption continued at Popocatépetl between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) were reported. The alert level remained at „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale). Source: Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Yellow Alert – Phase 2“ (level 4 on a 7-level scale)
Santiaguito (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 . The full report is as follows: OCNL VA EM to 16000 ft (4900 m) …13 Dec: The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that the eruption continued at Santa María between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). Gas and vapor plume(s) rose to a maximum of 400 m (1,312 ft) above the vent. Ash and gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 800 m (2,625 ft) above the vent. There were explosions reported. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: unavailable or not collected
Fuego (Guatemala): Explosive activity continues. Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 16000 ft (4900 m) altitude or flight level 160 . The full report is as follows: ONGOING VA EM to 16000 ft (4900 m) …13 Dec: The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that the eruption continued at Fuego between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). Gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 200 m (656 ft) above the vent. Ash and gas plume(s) rose to a maximum of 1,037 m (3,402 ft) above the vent. Weak-to-moderate Strombolian explosions were recorded at a rate of 6–11 per hour, generating ash and gas plumes that reached as high as 4,800 m above sea level. Fine ash fall was observed in communities on the W flank. Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: unavailable or not collected
Turrialba (Costa Rica): The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that unrest continued at Turrialba on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale). Source: Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale)
Rincón de la Vieja (Costa Rica): The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that unrest continued at Rincón de la Vieja on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Yellow“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). Source: Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale)
Poas (Costa Rica): The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that the eruption continued at Poás on 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale). The aviation alert level remained at „Yellow“ (level 2 on a 4-level scale). Source: Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Level 2 – Warning“ (on a 0–4 level scale)
Puracé (Colombia): Mild explosive activity continues from the volcano. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Washington reported intermittent emissions of volcanic ash plumes. The full report is as follows: sporadic emissions of volcanic ash
Sangay (Ecuador): The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „2 – Yellow“ (on a 4-level scale)
Reventador (Ecuador): The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Reventador between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale). Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „3 – Orange“ (on a 4-level scale)
Sabancaya (Peru): The Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP) reported that the eruption continued at Sabancaya between 11 December 2025 (local) and 12 December 2025 (local). The alert level remained at „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale). Source: Centro Vulcanológico Nacional del Instituto Geofísico del Perú (CENVUL-IGP) … [read more] … [show less] Current Alerts: Observatory alert level: „Orange“ (level 3 on a 4-level scale)
Die belarusische Führung hat 123 Menschen aus der Haft entlassen. Unter ihnen sind die Oppositionspolitikerin Maryia Kalesnikava und der Friedensnobelpreisträger Ales Bialiatski.
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Darwin (VAAC) issued the following report:
FVAU01 at 18:47 UTC, 13/12/25 from ADRM VA ADVISORY DTG: 20251213/1850Z VAAC: DARWIN VOLCANO: IBU 268030 PSN: N0129 E12738 AREA: INDONESIA SOURCE ELEV: 1325M AMSL ADVISORY NR: 2025/1393 INFO SOURCE: CVGHM, HIMAWARI-9 ERUPTION DETAILS: VA ERUPTION REPORTED AT 13/1535Z EST VA DTG: 13/1820Z EST VA CLD: SFC/FL080 N0132 E12740 – N0113 E12749 – N0109 E12737 – N0113 E12725 – N0132 E12736 MOV S 05KT FCST VA CLD +6 HR: 14/0020Z SFC/FL080 N0132 E12740 – N0111 E12744 – N0109 E12732 – N0114 E12721 – N0132 E12736 FCST VA CLD +12 HR: 14/0620Z SFC/FL080 N0132 E12740 – N0112 E12744 – N0109 E12731 – N0115 E12720 – N0132 E12736 FCST VA CLD +18 HR: 14/1220Z SFC/FL080 N0131 E12741 – N0110 E12741 – N0109 E12730 – N0115 E12719 – N0132 E12736 RMK: VA UNIDENTIFIABLE ON SAT IMG DUE TO MET CLOUD. GROUND REPORTS INDICATE INTERMITTENT DISCRETE EMISSIONS ARE ONGOING. VA HEIGHT AND MOVEMENT BASED ON MODEL GUIDANCE AND GROUND REPORTS. NXT ADVISORY: NO LATER THAN 20251214/0050Z=
Reacting to the release by the Belarusian authorities of 123 individuals, including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ales Bialiatski and Maryia Kalesnikava, prisoner of conscience and subject of Amnesty International’s Write for Rights 2024, Marie Struthers, Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia at Amnesty International, said:
“We welcome reports that Maryia Kalesnikava and Ales Bialiatski are among those have been freed. But let’s be clear: the latest release doesn’t erase a system that still holds hundreds if not thousands of others languishing behind bars merely for speaking out. Nor does it mean justice for Ales, Maryia and all those who should not have spent a day in prison and suffered severe human rights violations.
We welcome reports that Maryia Kalesnikava and Ales Bialiatski are among those have been freed. But let’s be clear: the latest release doesn’t erase a system that still holds hundreds if not thousands of others languishing behind bars merely for speaking out
Marie Struthers, Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia at Amnesty International
“Maryia, Ales and all those freed today must receive full reparations for their ordeal. Every official suspected of responsibility for their wrongful imprisonments – no matter how senior – must be held accountable.
“We must also remember others whose release is long overdue. If this release is a part of political bargain, it only underscores the Belarusian authorities’ cynical treatment of people as pawns. The fate of the released and others like them must never depend on backroom deals. We call for the release of Marfa Rabkova, Nasta Loika and countless other prisoners in Belarus who are unjustly jailed on politically motivated grounds.”
Background
On 13 December, the Belarusian authorities have released 123 prisoners, including opposition politician Maryia Kalesnikava and Ales Bialiatski, a leading human rights advocate and founder of the Viasna Human Rights Centre, following an agreement with the United States to ease sanctions on the country’s potash exports. The vice chair of Viasna Valiantsin Stefanovich, the organisation’s lawyer Uladzimir Labkovich and Kalesnikava’s close associate Maksim Znak are reportedly among the released.
On 7 September 2020, Maryia Kalesnikava was abducted by masked agents and taken towards the Ukrainian border, where she resisted deportation by tearing up her passport, after which she went missing. Later it transpired that she was arrested, charged with “undermining national security” and other fabricated offences, and on 6 September 2021 she received an 11-year prison sentence.
Ales Bialiatski was convicted in 2023 on charges of “tax evasion” and “financing actions deemed to violate public order” – charges widely seen as politically motivated – and had been serving a 10-year sentence in a penal colony.
